Opiates rehab in the United Kingdom
Opiates, occasionally referred to as narcotics, are a group of drugs which are utilized medically to relieve pain, but also have an elevated potential for abuse. Certain opiates come from a resin found in the seed pod of the Asian poppy. This group of drugs includes opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine. Other opiates, such as meperidine (Demerol), are synthesized or produced. Opium appears as dark brown chunks or as a powder and is generally smoked or eaten. Heroin may be a white or brownish powder which is generally dissolved in water and then injected. The majority of street preparations of heroin are diluted, or "cut," with other substances like sugar or quinine. Other opiates are available in a variety of forms such as capsules, tablets, syrups, solutions, and suppositories. Heroin ("junk" "smack") alone accounts for 90 percent of the opiate abuse in the United States. Occasionally, opiates with legitimate medicinal uses also are abused, such as morphine, meperidine, paregoric (which contains opium), and cough syrups that contain codeine [or a synthetic narcotic, such as dextromethorphan].
Opiates tend to relax the drug user. When opiates are injected, the drug user feels an instantaneous "rush." Other initial and unpleasant effects are restlessness, nausea, and vomiting. The opiate user might go "on the nod," going back and forth from feeling alert to drowsy. With extremely large amounts, the opiate user cannot be awakened, pupils become smaller, and the skin becomes cold, moist, and bluish in color. Breathing slows down and fatality might occur.
There are a quantity of synthetic opiates which are utilized as painkillers such as pethidine and methadone which is frequently prescribed for heroin and opiate addiction. Collectively opiates and synthetic opiates are called opioids.
Opioids powders may be swallowed or dissolved in water and injected, especially into a vein which maximizes the effect. Heroin is occasionally sniffed, or the fumes from the heated powder is inhaled (this method is occasionally called "chasing the dragon").
The majority of opiates are administered orally, except heroin, which is in powder form. Heroin users usually start sniffing the drug and gradually advance to injecting. The powder is dissolved in water and heated to create a liquid. The drug user then injects the heroin either subcutaneously or intravenously.
Subcutaneous injection ("skin popping") is when heroin is injected into the layers of skin, generally in the arms or thighs. It is called intravenous injection ("mainlining") when the heroin is injected into a vein. The effects of injected heroin are felt within minutes and last three to four hours, depending on the quantity.
Most of the heroin is illicitly produced and imported, and comes mostly from the Indian sub-continent. When sold at street level, heroin is likely to have been diluted or cut with different similar powders, typically glucose. Nonetheless, the practice of utilizing other substances like caffeine, flour and talcum powder is a constant danger to heroin users.
Like other depressants, opiates create a quiet and euphoric effect. Drug users who inject an opiate such as heroin might also experience a "rush" as the drug circulates through the body. Certain drug users mix opiates with a stimulant such as cocaine. This process is called "speed balling." The stimulant keeps the drug user from falling asleep; the opiate decreases the hyperactive effects frequently caused by stimulants.
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